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Welcome to our English blog! It presents a collection of educational resources which may be helpful in the study and preparation of English lessons in secondary schools.   









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Unit 3.

SELF-EDUCATION



Lesson 1. Lifelong learning or learn 24/7 non-stop.
 
This exersice will help you to classify the wise quotes.


What is IQ and EQ?
IQ is an acronym for Intelligence Quotient. So what is IQ? The IQ is a measurement of your intelligence and is expressed in a number.

A person's IQ can be calculated by having the person take an intelligence test. The average IQ is 100. If you achieve a score higher than 100, you are smarter than the average person, and a lower score means you are (somewhat) less smart.

EQ - Emotional intelligence

How successful you are at school or in your profession is not only determined by your IQ test score. Motivation, dedication, self-confidence and social skills also play a role. Academic intelligence should be considered to be a minimum requirement. It helps you get somewhere, for example to become a lawyer. However, to become a successful lawyer, you will also need some specific qualities that are related to emotional intelligence.

Aspects of emotional intelligence

The term 'emotional intelligence' refers to the way you manage emotions, whether they are your own or somebody else's. Daniel Goleman, originator of the emotional intelligence concept, distinguishes five specific aspects:

  • Recognizing your own emotions;
  • Managing your own emotions;
  • Self-motivation;
  • Recognizing others' emotions;
  • Managing relationships.

Lesson 2. Learn by writing.


Lesson 3. Advice from a parent.

Look through grammar rules.

Lesson 5. Learn to be tolerant.



Verbs followed by gerund and infinitive

Verb + Gerund

Verb +Preposition +Gerund

Be 
+Adjective +Preposition 
+Gerund

Verb + Infinitive

Verb 
+Inifinitive or Gerund

acknowledge

adapt to

be accustomed to

agree

attempt

admit

adjust to

be afraid of

aim

begin

advise

agree (with) on

be angry about

afford

can/can't bear

anticipate

 apologize for

be ashamed of

appear

can/can't stand

appreciate

approve of

be capable of

arrange

cease

avoid

argue about

be certain about

ask

continue

consider

ask about

be concerned with

care

forget

defend

believe in

be critical of 

choose

go on

defer

blame for

be discouraged from

claim

hate

delay

care about

be enthusiastic about

consent

like

deny

complain about

be familiar with

dare

love

detest

consist of

be famous for

decide

neglect

discuss

decided on

be fond of

decline

prefer

dislike

depend on

be glad about

demand

regret

endure

disapprove of

be good at

deserve

propose

enjoy

discourage from

be happy about

desire

remember

escape

engage in

be interested in

expect

see

excuse

forgive for

be known for 

fail

start

feel like

give up

be nervous about

guarantee

stop

finish

help with

be perfect for

happen

try

go

inquire about

be proud of

hope

 

imagine

insist on

be responsible for

intend

 

involve

interfere with

be sad about

know

 

keep

keep on

be successful in

learn

 

mention

look forward to

be suitable for

manage

 

mind (object to)

object to

be tired of

need

 

miss

participate in

be tolerant of 

offer

 

need (passive)

persist in

be upset about

plan

 

omit

plan on

be used to

pledge

 

postpone

prepare for

be useful for

prepare

 

Verb + Gerund

Verb +Preposition +Gerund

Be 
+Adjective +Preposition 
+Gerund

Verb + Infinitive

Verb 
+Inifinitive or Gerund

practice

profit from

be worried about

pretend

 

prevent

prohibit from

 

promise

 

quit

put off

 

refuse

 

recall

result from

 

resolve

 

recollect

succeed in

 

seem

 

recommend

suffer from

 

tend

 

regret

talk about

 

struggle

 

resent

take part in

 

swear

 

resist

there's no point in

 

volunteer

 

resume

think about

 

wait

 

risk

warn about

 

want

 

suggest

work on

 

wish

 

tolerate

worry about

 

would like

 

understand

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 










Lesson 7. Learn to solve problems and tackle projects.


1. Неопределенный артикль употребляется в устойчивых выражениях, к числу которых относятся:

    • a lot of/a great number of – много,
    • a few – несколько,
    • a little – немного,
    • all of a sudden – вдруг,
    • at a speed of – со скоростью,
    • at a time – за один раз,
    • as a result of- в результате чего-либо,
    • as a matter of fact – на самом деле, фактически,
    • for a shot/long time – в течение короткого/долгого времени,
    • to be in a harry – спешить,
    • to be at a loss – быть в отчаянии,
    • to go for a walk – идти на прогулку,
    • to have a good time – веселиться/хорошо провести время,
    • to have a cold – быть простуженным,
    • to take a seat – сесть,
    • in a low/loud voice – тихо, громко,
    • to go for a walk – пойти погулять.

2. Определенный артикль употребляется в устойчивых выражениях, к числу которых относятся:

    • in the morning/in the evening/in the afternoon – утром, вечером, днем,
    • in the night – ночью,
    • in the country – за городом,
    • in the street – на улице,
    • in the sun – на солнце,
    • in the direction of – в направлении (чего-либо),
    • in the east/ in the west/ in the north/ in the south – на востоке, западе, севере, юге,
    • on the one/other hand – с одной, другой стороны,
    • on the right/left – справа, слева,
    • on the whole – в целом,
    • on the way – по дороге,
    • on the advice of – по совету,
    • the day before yesterday – позавчера,
    • the day after tomorrow – послезавтра,
    • the other day – на днях,
    • What is the time? – Который час?
    • to go to the theatre/the cinema – ходить в театр, кино,
    • to play the piano/the guitar – играть на пианино, гитаре,
    • to tell the truth/the time – говорить правду, время,
    • to run the risk – подвергаться риску.

3. Нулевой артикль (отсутствие артикля) в устойчивых выражениях.

  • at night/at day/at sunrise – ночью, днем, на рассвете,
  • at dinner/at breakfast/at supper – за обедом, завтраком, ужином,
  • at home – дома,
  • at school – в школе,
  • at work – за работой,
  • at first sight – с первого взгляда,
  • at piece/at was – в мире, в состоянии войны,
  • to be in great demand – пользоваться спросом,
  • to be in need – нуждаться,
  • by car/by bike/by train/by air – машиной, на велосипеде, поездом, самолетом и т.д.
  • by heart – на память,
  • by chance – случайно,
  • by mistake – по ошибке,
  • by name – по имени,
  • in any case – во всяком случае,
  • in time – вовремя,
  • in demand – в спросе,
  • in sight – в поле зрения,
  • in fact – в действительности,
  • in conclusion – в заключение,
  • on board a ship – на борту судна,
  • on deck – на палубе,
  • on demand – по требованию,
  • on credit – в кредит,
  • on sale – в продаже,
  • day after day – день за днем,
  • day and night – днем и ночью,
  • to be in bed – лежать в постели,
  • to go to bed – ложиться спать,
  • to go to school – ходить в школу,
  • from time to time – время от времени,
  • from head to foot – с головы до ног.

  • Gerunds after Preposition

    Here is a good rule. It has no exceptions:

    Prepositions are always followed by a noun-phrase.

    If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund (which functions as a noun). It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition.

    So, for example, we say:

    • I will call you after arriving at the office.
      not I will call after to arrive at the office.
    • Please have a drink before leaving.
    • I am looking forward to meeting you.
    • Do you object to working late?
    • Tara always dreams about going on holiday.

    Notice that you could replace all the above gerunds with "real" nouns:

    • I will call you after my arrival at the office.
    • Please have a drink before your departure.
    • I am looking forward to our lunch.
    • Do you object to this job?
    • Tara always dreams about holidays.


    Unit 4

    YOUTH and SOCIETY

    Lesson 2. To be a part of something big

    Look through  the list of youth organisations below. Which of them have you heard about?
    Do you know their aims?


    Watch the video "Top 5: Youth Organisations Building Peace"



    Lesson 3. Making their mark


    Look through the page from UKYP website/

    Look through the twitter news of UKYP and learn about their aims.

    Lesson 6. Make your choice

    Grammar

    Complex object

    Сложное дополнение (complex object) — конструкция, состоящая из существительного или местоимения в косвенном падеже и инфинитива (с частицей to или без нее). В предложении сложное дополнение относится к смысловому глаголу (сказуемому). Давайте сравним примеры с простым дополнением и сложным:

    I want a car. — Я хочу машину. (простое дополнение, выраженное существительным)
    I want to buy a car. — Я хочу купить машину. (простое дополнение, выраженное инфинитивом)
    I want Jamie to buy a car. — Я хочу, чтобы Джейми купил машину. (сложное дополнение, составленное из существительного и инфинитива)

    Сложное дополнение позволяет избежать громоздких предложений и выразить мысль с помощью аккуратной грамматической конструкции. Такое дополнение может быть как утвердительным, так и отрицательным — частица not ставится перед частицей to:

    I allow you not to go to school today. — Я разрешаю вам не ходить сегодня в школу.

    Нужна ли частица to?

    Все зависит от главного глагола в предложении. Например, глаголы to want (хотеть), to need (нуждаться), to invite (приглашать) образуют сложное дополнение с частицей to, а вот to see (видеть) или to hear (слышать) — без нее. Глаголы каждой группы придется запомнить.

    Глаголы с to + Infinitive

    К этой группе относятся большинство глаголов английского языка. В данном случае сложное дополнение может стоять в действительном залоге, а также вы можете использовать инфинитив страдательного залога (to be + Past Participle):

    need you to write this letter tonight. — Мне нужно, чтобы ты написал письмо сегодня вечером.
    need this letter to be written tonight. — Мне нужно, чтобы это письмо было написано сегодня вечером.

    В таблице ниже вы найдете список наиболее распространенных и важных глаголов, с которыми используется сложное дополнение, а также примеры их употребления. Обратите внимание, что в составе сложного дополнения некоторые из глаголов могут иметь иные оттенки значения.

    Слово/СловосочетаниеПереводПример
    to adviseсоветоватьadvise you to call your parents and have an open talk with them. — Я советую тебе позвонить родителям и поговорить с ними откровенно.
    to allowразрешать, позволятьShe allowed me to bring some of my friends to her party. — Она разрешила мне привести нескольких друзей на вечеринку.
    to askпроситьThey asked us to fill out some forms. — Они попросили нас заполнить несколько бланков.
    to begумолятьHe begged Mary not to tell their parents about the accident. — Он умолял Марию не рассказывать родителям о случившемся.
    to causeприводить к чему-тоHeavy rains caused our roof to start leaking. — Сильные дожди привели к тому, что наша крыша начала протекать.
    to dareбросать вызов, вызыватьdare you to come and talk to me face to face. — Попробуй прийти и поговорить со мной напрямую.
    to encourageпоощрять, поддерживатьThe teacher encouraged her students to take part in the competition. — Учительница поддержала стремление студентов участвовать в соревнованиях.
    to expectожидатьexpected you to do better in your exams. — Я ожидал, что ты сдашь экзамены более успешно.
    to forbidзапрещатьMy parents forbid me to go to parties. — Родители запрещают мне ходить на вечеринки.
    to forceзаставлять, вынуждатьThe war forced them to leave their houses. — Война вынудила их покинуть свои дома.
    to intendнамереваться, планироватьShe intended her birthday party to be the best event of the year. — Она намеревалась сделать свой день рождения лучшим событием года.
    to inviteприглашатьShe invited us to have dinner in her house. — Она пригласила нас отужинать у нее дома.
    to meanиметь в виду, подразумеватьHe meant his words to sound sincere. — Он хотел, чтобы его слова прозвучали искренне.
    to needнуждатьсяneed you to post this letter to your grandmother. — Мне нужно, чтобы ты отправила бабушке это письмо.
    to orderприказыватьThe king ordered them to look for a fugitive. — Король приказал им найти беглеца.
    to permitразрешатьThe doctors permitted him to spend the night in the hospital. — Врачи разрешили ему провести ночь в больнице.
    to persuadeубеждатьShe persuaded me to go to India on holiday. — Она убедила меня поехать в отпуск в Индию.
    to recommendрекомендоватьrecommend you to read Terms & Conditions carefully. — Я рекомендую тебе внимательно прочитать условия использования.
    to remindнапоминатьShe reminded me to water the flowers once in a while. — Она напомнила мне, чтобы я поливал цветы время от времени.
    to requireтребоватьMy boss required me to hand in the report as quickly as possible. — Мой начальник потребовал, чтобы я сдал отчет как можно скорее.
    to signalподавать знак, сигнализироватьShe signaled me to come to her. — Она подала мне знак, чтобы я подошел к ней.
    to teachучитьMy mother taught me to swim when I was six. — Моя мама научила меня плавать, когда мне было шесть.
    to tellговоритьtold her not to waste time. — Я сказала, чтобы она не тратила время впустую.
    to wantхотетьMy grandmother wants me to visit her when I’m on holiday. — Моя бабушка хочет, чтобы я ее навестил, когда буду в отпуске.
    to warnпредупреждать, предостерегатьPolice warned us not to open our door to strangers. — Полиция предупредила, чтобы мы не открывали дверь незнакомцам.
    to wishжелать;

    надеяться

    wish him to be happy. — Я желаю ему быть счастливым.

    She wished her son to be a great success. — Она надеялась, что ее сын добьется большого успеха.

    would likeхотетьwould like you to come to my birthday party! — Я бы хотела, чтобы ты пришел ко мне на день рождения!

    Глаголы, требующие Infinitive без to

    Пожалуй, самые важные глаголы в этом списке — это to make (в значении «заставлять») и to let (позволять). Также к этой группе относятся глаголы восприятия.

    She made me drink the medicine which tasted awful. — Она заставила меня выпить ужасное на вкус лекарство.
    Our parents let us have a sleepover at Julie’s. — Родители разрешили нам переночевать в гостях у Джули.
    Mary felt him touch her with his cold hand. — Мэри почувствовала, как он дотронулся до нее холодной рукой.

    Обратите внимание на две особенности. Во-первых, сложное дополнение с инфинитивом может быть только в действительном залоге. Если вам требуется передать страдательный залог, используйте причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle) вместо инфинитива:

    saw you talk to that boy in the street. — Я видела, что ты говорил с тем мальчиком на улице.
    That boy was seen to talk to someone in the street. — Я видела, что кто-то разговаривал с тем мальчиком на улице.

    Во-вторых, вместо инфинитива здесь может использоваться герундий (глагол с окончанием -ing), однако значение будет несколько отличаться. Инфинитив подчеркнет завершенность действия, а герундий — его продолжительность:

    I saw her smile. — Я увидел, что она улыбнулась.
    I saw her smiling. — Я увидел, что она улыбалась.

    Слово/СловосочетаниеПереводПример
    to feelчувствоватьfelt a snowflake fall on my face. — Я почувствовал, как снежинка упала мне на лицо.
    to hearслышатьheard him cough during the night. — Я слышал, как он кашлял ночью.
    to listen toслушатьShe listened to him sing. — Она послушала, как он поет.
    to noticeзамечатьHer mother noticed him take a cookie out of the cupboard. — Его мать заметила, что он достал из буфета печенье.
    to observeнаблюдатьWe observed big birds fly past us. — Мы наблюдали, как большие птицы пролетели мимо нас.
    to seeвидетьsaw you talk to that boy on the street. — Я видела, как ты разговаривал с тем парнем на улице.
    to watchнаблюдать, следитьThey watched us read the rules. — Они проследили, что мы прочитали правила.

    !!! В пассивных конструкциях употребляется to + Infinitive

    You are allowed to take photos here. — Вам можно здесь делать фото.

    !!! В пассивных конструкциях с завершенным действием  употребляется   to + Infinitive

    She was seen to run into the house. — Было замечено, что она вбежала в дом.                                                                                                                        

    Глагол to help

    Глагол to help (помогать) допускает использование сложного дополнения как с частицей to, так и без нее — никакой смысловой или стилистической разницы между этими вариантами нет.

    She helped me prepare for my driving exam. — Она помогла мне подготовиться к экзамену по вождению.
    She helped me to prepare for my driving exam. — Она помогла мне подготовиться к экзамену по вождению.

    Глагол to have

    Если в сложном дополнении используется глагол to have (to have + местоимение в косвенным падеже / существительное + инфинитив глагола), такая конструкция будет означать «убедить/заставить/настоять, чтобы кто-то что-то сделал»:

    I will have you do your homework on time! — Ты у меня сделаешь домашнюю работу во время!
    My parents had us check our car properly before travelling to France. — Мои родители настояли, чтобы мы как следует проверили машину, прежде чем отправиться во Францию.

    Test yourself online

    Lesson 7. Be prepared

     Scouting facts for kids




    Unit 3.

    SELF-EDUCATION



    Lesson 1. Lifelong learning or learn 24/7 non-stop.
     
    This exersice will help you to classify the wise quotes.


    What is IQ and EQ?
    IQ is an acronym for Intelligence Quotient. So what is IQ? The IQ is a measurement of your intelligence and is expressed in a number.

    A person's IQ can be calculated by having the person take an intelligence test. The average IQ is 100. If you achieve a score higher than 100, you are smarter than the average person, and a lower score means you are (somewhat) less smart.

    EQ - Emotional intelligence

    How successful you are at school or in your profession is not only determined by your IQ test score. Motivation, dedication, self-confidence and social skills also play a role. Academic intelligence should be considered to be a minimum requirement. It helps you get somewhere, for example to become a lawyer. However, to become a successful lawyer, you will also need some specific qualities that are related to emotional intelligence.

    Aspects of emotional intelligence

    The term 'emotional intelligence' refers to the way you manage emotions, whether they are your own or somebody else's. Daniel Goleman, originator of the emotional intelligence concept, distinguishes five specific aspects:

    • Recognizing your own emotions;
    • Managing your own emotions;
    • Self-motivation;
    • Recognizing others' emotions;
    • Managing relationships.

    Lesson 2. Learn by writing.


    Lesson 3. Advice from a parent.

    Look through grammar rules.

    Lesson 5. Learn to be tolerant.



    Verbs followed by gerund and infinitive

    Verb + Gerund

    Verb +Preposition +Gerund

    Be 
    +Adjective +Preposition 
    +Gerund

    Verb + Infinitive

    Verb 
    +Inifinitive or Gerund

    acknowledge

    adapt to

    be accustomed to

    agree

    attempt

    admit

    adjust to

    be afraid of

    aim

    begin

    advise

    agree (with) on

    be angry about

    afford

    can/can't bear

    anticipate

     apologize for

    be ashamed of

    appear

    can/can't stand

    appreciate

    approve of

    be capable of

    arrange

    cease

    avoid

    argue about

    be certain about

    ask

    continue

    consider

    ask about

    be concerned with

    care

    forget

    defend

    believe in

    be critical of 

    choose

    go on

    defer

    blame for

    be discouraged from

    claim

    hate

    delay

    care about

    be enthusiastic about

    consent

    like

    deny

    complain about

    be familiar with

    dare

    love

    detest

    consist of

    be famous for

    decide

    neglect

    discuss

    decided on

    be fond of

    decline

    prefer

    dislike

    depend on

    be glad about

    demand

    regret

    endure

    disapprove of

    be good at

    deserve

    propose

    enjoy

    discourage from

    be happy about

    desire

    remember

    escape

    engage in

    be interested in

    expect

    see

    excuse

    forgive for

    be known for 

    fail

    start

    feel like

    give up

    be nervous about

    guarantee

    stop

    finish

    help with

    be perfect for

    happen

    try

    go

    inquire about

    be proud of

    hope

     

    imagine

    insist on

    be responsible for

    intend

     

    involve

    interfere with

    be sad about

    know

     

    keep

    keep on

    be successful in

    learn

     

    mention

    look forward to

    be suitable for

    manage

     

    mind (object to)

    object to

    be tired of

    need

     

    miss

    participate in

    be tolerant of 

    offer

     

    need (passive)

    persist in

    be upset about

    plan

     

    omit

    plan on

    be used to

    pledge

     

    postpone

    prepare for

    be useful for

    prepare

     

    Verb + Gerund

    Verb +Preposition +Gerund

    Be 
    +Adjective +Preposition 
    +Gerund

    Verb + Infinitive

    Verb 
    +Inifinitive or Gerund

    practice

    profit from

    be worried about

    pretend

     

    prevent

    prohibit from

     

    promise

     

    quit

    put off

     

    refuse

     

    recall

    result from

     

    resolve

     

    recollect

    succeed in

     

    seem

     

    recommend

    suffer from

     

    tend

     

    regret

    talk about

     

    struggle

     

    resent

    take part in

     

    swear

     

    resist

    there's no point in

     

    volunteer

     

    resume

    think about

     

    wait

     

    risk

    warn about

     

    want

     

    suggest

    work on

     

    wish

     

    tolerate

    worry about

     

    would like

     

    understand

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     










    Lesson 7. Learn to solve problems and tackle projects.


    1. Неопределенный артикль употребляется в устойчивых выражениях, к числу которых относятся:

      • a lot of/a great number of – много,
      • a few – несколько,
      • a little – немного,
      • all of a sudden – вдруг,
      • at a speed of – со скоростью,
      • at a time – за один раз,
      • as a result of- в результате чего-либо,
      • as a matter of fact – на самом деле, фактически,
      • for a shot/long time – в течение короткого/долгого времени,
      • to be in a harry – спешить,
      • to be at a loss – быть в отчаянии,
      • to go for a walk – идти на прогулку,
      • to have a good time – веселиться/хорошо провести время,
      • to have a cold – быть простуженным,
      • to take a seat – сесть,
      • in a low/loud voice – тихо, громко,
      • to go for a walk – пойти погулять.

    2. Определенный артикль употребляется в устойчивых выражениях, к числу которых относятся:

      • in the morning/in the evening/in the afternoon – утром, вечером, днем,
      • in the night – ночью,
      • in the country – за городом,
      • in the street – на улице,
      • in the sun – на солнце,
      • in the direction of – в направлении (чего-либо),
      • in the east/ in the west/ in the north/ in the south – на востоке, западе, севере, юге,
      • on the one/other hand – с одной, другой стороны,
      • on the right/left – справа, слева,
      • on the whole – в целом,
      • on the way – по дороге,
      • on the advice of – по совету,
      • the day before yesterday – позавчера,
      • the day after tomorrow – послезавтра,
      • the other day – на днях,
      • What is the time? – Который час?
      • to go to the theatre/the cinema – ходить в театр, кино,
      • to play the piano/the guitar – играть на пианино, гитаре,
      • to tell the truth/the time – говорить правду, время,
      • to run the risk – подвергаться риску.

    3. Нулевой артикль (отсутствие артикля) в устойчивых выражениях.

  • at night/at day/at sunrise – ночью, днем, на рассвете,
  • at dinner/at breakfast/at supper – за обедом, завтраком, ужином,
  • at home – дома,
  • at school – в школе,
  • at work – за работой,
  • at first sight – с первого взгляда,
  • at piece/at was – в мире, в состоянии войны,
  • to be in great demand – пользоваться спросом,
  • to be in need – нуждаться,
  • by car/by bike/by train/by air – машиной, на велосипеде, поездом, самолетом и т.д.
  • by heart – на память,
  • by chance – случайно,
  • by mistake – по ошибке,
  • by name – по имени,
  • in any case – во всяком случае,
  • in time – вовремя,
  • in demand – в спросе,
  • in sight – в поле зрения,
  • in fact – в действительности,
  • in conclusion – в заключение,
  • on board a ship – на борту судна,
  • on deck – на палубе,
  • on demand – по требованию,
  • on credit – в кредит,
  • on sale – в продаже,
  • day after day – день за днем,
  • day and night – днем и ночью,
  • to be in bed – лежать в постели,
  • to go to bed – ложиться спать,
  • to go to school – ходить в школу,
  • from time to time – время от времени,
  • from head to foot – с головы до ног.

  • Gerunds after Preposition

    Here is a good rule. It has no exceptions:

    Prepositions are always followed by a noun-phrase.

    If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund (which functions as a noun). It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition.

    So, for example, we say:

    • I will call you after arriving at the office.
      not I will call after to arrive at the office.
    • Please have a drink before leaving.
    • I am looking forward to meeting you.
    • Do you object to working late?
    • Tara always dreams about going on holiday.

    Notice that you could replace all the above gerunds with "real" nouns:

    • I will call you after my arrival at the office.
    • Please have a drink before your departure.
    • I am looking forward to our lunch.
    • Do you object to this job?
    • Tara always dreams about holidays.


    Unit 2

    Education

    Watch the video "Schools in  Britain"






    Watch the video about Boarding schools in Great Britain





    Картинки по запросу "The Belarusian Education System"

    Education in Belarus

    School enrollment in Belarus is about 1 million
    School enrollment in Belarus is about 1 million

    Belarus has a well-regarded education system, including universities and further education institutions that attract numerous foreign students.

    The Human Development Index (HDI) of the United Nations Development Program positioned Belarus at 60 out of 191 countries and territories in 2021/2022. Educational attainments play a huge role in this. The literacy rate of the adult population is one of the world’s highest (99.7%), while 98% of the country's population completed at least nine years of schooling. At present compulsory education requires eleven years spent in school.

    Belarus has a three-tier education model:

    • general education (pre-school education, secondary education, secondary vocational education, post-secondary vocational education, higher learning and post-graduate education);
    • continuing education for children and adults;
    • special needs education for people with special needs. 

    Pre-school education

    Pre-school education is not compulsory in Belarus but around 70% of children do attend nursery or kindergarten before they start school.

    School education in Belarus

    Most children in Belarus start school at the age of 6.

    All pupils must follow the basic education curriculum up to the age of 15, and the vast majority of pupils stay at school until they finish their high school education at 18.

    At the age of 15, pupils that have successfully completed basic education can attend college or professional technical institutions where they can focus on completing their high school education and work toward a professional certificate.

    Completion of a high school or professional certificate allows students to apply to continue their education at the university level.

    There are two official languages within the education system in Belarus, Russian and Belarusian.

    Further education in Belarus

    Belarus has one of the highest student-to-population ratios in Europe. The higher education system in Belarus is seen as prestigious due to its high quality and affordability.  

    There are four main types of higher education establishments to choose from, which can be either private or state operated:

    • classical university
    • profile university or academy
    • institute

    In 2003, university admission tests were replaced by Centralized Testing (CT). It is held on certain days of June-July according to the schedule approved by the Education Ministry. To enter a university, an applicant needs to present up to three test certificates in different academic disciplines. The number  of certificates depends on the chosen specialty and presence of internal exams.

    During the period of transition to Centralized Testing, the Education Ministry developed uniform admission rules taking into account the training programs of educational institutions. Other important reforms included the launch of the Classifier of Specialties and Qualifications, the higher education standards, and a 10-grade scale. The final stage was the adoption of the Education Code (2011).

    In 2023, Belarus approved a new wording of the rules for the admission to general higher education institutions and specialist higher education institutions. The changes are aimed at improving the system of selection of applicants – talented and motivated young people will get additional opportunities. The main innovation is the introduction of Centralized Exams (CE) which serve as school graduation exams and at the same time as university admission exams.

    This will significantly cut the number of tests an applicant has to take within several months. Two centralized exams – one in the Belarusian / Russian language and the other in a discipline of choice – will be mandatory for all school graduates. Centralized Testing (CT) will remain in place, but it will be mandatory only for those who want to enter a higher learning institution. The CE and CT will have the same form and level of complexity. Thus, to be enrolled at a higher learning institution, an applicant will need to present test certificates in three (two) academic disciplines. The average score of the school certificate will also be taken into account, and universities will be able to conduct their own internal exams or interviews.

    Most courses run for 4-6 years. Aspiring students can choose one of several forms of learning. They can study during the day or evening, in-class or by distance education.

    Grants are available for full-time students and scholarships are awarded to very gifted students.

    All higher education establishments are governed by the Ministry of Education in Belarus.

    In May 2015 Belarus officially joined the Bologna Process – the European Higher Education Area.

    Can foreign students study at Belarusian universities?

    Many foreign students study at higher educational institutions of Belarus. As a rule, education for foreign citizens in Belarus is fee-based. The cost depends on the chosen specialty, form of study and educational institution.

    Terms of admission for foreign citizens and stateless persons:

    • free of charge or on a fee basis - in line with international agreements of the Republic of Belarus;
    • on a fee basis – based on the final performance review upon the completion of the pre-university training program required in Belarus;
    • on a fee basis – based on an interview to establish the level of language proficiency that should be sufficient for mastering the educational program established by the Education Ministry, and also based on additional interviews or physical fitness tests, the procedure for which is established by higher education institutions.



    Verbs followed by gerund and infinitive
    Verbs followed by gerund and infinitive

    Verb + Gerund

    Verb +Preposition +Gerund

    Be 
    +Adjective +Preposition 
    +Gerund

    Verb + Infinitive

    Verb 
    +Inifinitive or Gerund

    acknowledge

    adapt to

    be accustomed to

    agree

    attempt

    admit

    adjust to

    be afraid of

    aim

    begin

    advise

    agree (with) on

    be angry about

    afford

    can/can't bear

    anticipate

     apologize for

    be ashamed of

    appear

    can/can't stand

    appreciate

    approve of

    be capable of

    arrange

    cease

    avoid

    argue about

    be certain about

    ask

    continue

    consider

    ask about

    be concerned with

    care

    forget

    defend

    believe in

    be critical of 

    choose

    go on

    defer

    blame for

    be discouraged from

    claim

    hate

    delay

    care about

    be enthusiastic about

    consent

    like

    deny

    complain about

    be familiar with

    dare

    love

    detest

    consist of

    be famous for

    decide

    neglect

    discuss

    decided on

    be fond of

    decline

    prefer

    dislike

    depend on

    be glad about

    demand

    regret

    endure

    disapprove of

    be good at

    deserve

    propose

    enjoy

    discourage from

    be happy about

    desire

    remember

    escape

    engage in

    be interested in

    expect

    see

    excuse

    forgive for

    be known for 

    fail

    start

    feel like

    give up

    be nervous about

    guarantee

    stop

    finish

    help with

    be perfect for

    happen

    try

    go

    inquire about

    be proud of

    hope

     

    imagine

    insist on

    be responsible for

    intend

     

    involve

    interfere with

    be sad about

    know

     

    keep

    keep on

    be successful in

    learn

     

    mention

    look forward to

    be suitable for

    manage

     

    mind (object to)

    object to

    be tired of

    need

     

    miss

    participate in

    be tolerant of 

    offer

     

    need (passive)

    persist in

    be upset about

    plan

     

    omit

    plan on

    be used to

    pledge

     

    postpone

    prepare for

    be useful for

    prepare

     

    Verb + Gerund

    Verb +Preposition +Gerund

    Be 
    +Adjective +Preposition 
    +Gerund

    Verb + Infinitive

    Verb 
    +Inifinitive or Gerund

    practice

    profit from

    be worried about

    pretend

     

    prevent

    prohibit from

     

    promise

     

    quit

    put off

     

    refuse

     

    recall

    result from

     

    resolve

     

    recollect

    succeed in

     

    seem

     

    recommend

    suffer from

     

    tend

     

    regret

    talk about

     

    struggle

     

    resent

    take part in

     

    swear

     

    resist

    there's no point in

     

    volunteer

     

    resume

    think about

     

    wait

     

    risk

    warn about

     

    want

     

    suggest

    work on

     

    wish

     

    tolerate

    worry about

     

    would like

     

    understand

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     



    Different types of houses
    Картинки по запросу houses and homes


    Top 10 facts

    1. When people think about their home, everyone is thinking about a different place.
    2. The area around your home is called your ‘neighbourhood’ and the people who live there are your ‘neighbours’.
    3. No matter what point in history you look at, people had homes. Finding parts of those homes today can tell us a lot about past societies.
    4. Wild animals have homes too – this may be a cave, tree, den or nest.
    5. Some homes that people live in today look different from each other because they were built at different times.
    6. You can guess when a house was built just by looking at how it was made, such as whether the roof is thatched or has tiles.
    7. Houses can be built from a number of different materials, but some materials are better to use than others because they keep out wind and rain well.
    8. Houses are described as ‘terraced’, ‘semi-detached’ or ‘detached’ depending on whether they are joined with houses on both sides, on only one side or aren’t joined at all.
    9. Victorian factory owners built lots of rows of small houses so that the people who worked in their factories could live close by. Many of the houses people live in in Britain today are old Victorian terraces.
    10. Flats can be a convenient kind of home for people who don’t need a whole house. Sometimes large old buildings are split into flats or a whole new building will be constructed with lots of flats in it.




    Did you know?

    • Your home is where you feel comfortable and safe – it can be where your bedroom is, where your family is, or where all your toys and games are.
    • Homes can be anything from houses and flats to cottages and caravans. They can be permanent, meaning you can’t pick it up and move it, or temporary, like a tent. They can also be different all over the world. What is your home like?
    • Some homes look different now than they did centuries ago, but they are still used for the same reasons – somewhere to keep warm, dry and safe when they didn’t want to be outdoors.
    • A flat can be a home, but not a house – it’s part of a house or a larger building.
    • A caravan is a home that has wheels, so it can move around.
    • Houses are made up of a few different things. They all have walls that stand up straight and make the house's shape, and a roof that covers the walls and keeps rain from coming in. There might be a chimney if the house has a fireplace, and a garage for keeping the car in.
    • Wild animals have homes too, and those are just as different as the ones humans live in. Some animals build their homes out of mud or sticks, and some live in rock caves. Fish live in water homes, while birds like to live above ground in nests in trees.
    • Some materials are better for building houses than others. For example, bricks and stone are strong, and fireproof. Cloth doesn’t keep water out, and it can break easily. Straight wood planks can stand side-by-side and keep out wind and rain, while sticks are all different sizes shapes and will leave a lot of holes. If you could build a house out of anything, what would you choose?

    Presentation TYPES OF HOUSES
    Картинки по запросу houses and homes

    Singular and plural nouns







       NEWS FROM BELARUS

    Lesson 1. Education in Belarus

    School enrollment in Belarus is about 1 million

    The Belarusian Education System

    Картинки по запросу "The Belarusian Education System"


    Watch the video about Education in Belarus


    Answer the questions about education in Belarus.
    §  Is pre-school education compulsory in Belarus?
    §  At what age do most children start school in Belarus?
    §  How many grades do they have?
    §  How many terms and vacations is the school year divided into?
    §  Is basic education compulsory in Belarus?
    §  At what age do most children finish secondary school in Belarus?
    §  Can foreign students study at universities in Belarus?




    Carolina grad students bring science to the community | UNC-Chapel Hill

    Watch the video "Science in our everyday life"



    Watch the video and get to know more about Modern Cloning Techniques




    Grammar

    Future Continuous Tense - будущее длительное время

    Future Continuous

    Check yourself online














    Get more information about famous scientists


    Check your knowledge about famous scientists



    Do the Science Quiz

    Quiz-game. Scientific discoveries




    Unit 5

    Картинки по запросу what is art

    Open me👉 Lesson 1

    Watch the video "What is Art?"
    And try to answer this question.


    What is graffiti? Art or vandalism?


    What jobs in Art do you know?

    Unit 4
    YOUTH and SOCIETY

    Lesson 2. To be a part of something big

    Look through  the list of youth organisations below. Which of them have you heard about?
    Do you know their aims?


    Watch the video "Top 5: Youth Organisations Building Peace"


    Lesson 3. Making their mark


    Look through the page from UKYP website/

    Lesson 6. Make your choice

    Grammar

    Complex object

    Сложное дополнение (complex object) — конструкция, состоящая из существительного или местоимения в косвенном падеже и инфинитива (с частицей to или без нее). В предложении сложное дополнение относится к смысловому глаголу (сказуемому). Давайте сравним примеры с простым дополнением и сложным:

    I want a car. — Я хочу машину. (простое дополнение, выраженное существительным)
    I want to buy a car. — Я хочу купить машину. (простое дополнение, выраженное инфинитивом)
    I want Jamie to buy a car. — Я хочу, чтобы Джейми купил машину. (сложное дополнение, составленное из существительного и инфинитива)

    Сложное дополнение позволяет избежать громоздких предложений и выразить мысль с помощью аккуратной грамматической конструкции. Такое дополнение может быть как утвердительным, так и отрицательным — частица not ставится перед частицей to:

    I allow you not to go to school today. — Я разрешаю вам не ходить сегодня в школу.

    Нужна ли частица to?

    Все зависит от главного глагола в предложении. Например, глаголы to want (хотеть), to need (нуждаться), to invite (приглашать) образуют сложное дополнение с частицей to, а вот to see (видеть) или to hear (слышать) — без нее. Глаголы каждой группы придется запомнить.

    Глаголы с to + Infinitive

    К этой группе относятся большинство глаголов английского языка. В данном случае сложное дополнение может стоять в действительном залоге, а также вы можете использовать инфинитив страдательного залога (to be + Past Participle):

    need you to write this letter tonight. — Мне нужно, чтобы ты написал письмо сегодня вечером.
    need this letter to be written tonight. — Мне нужно, чтобы это письмо было написано сегодня вечером.

    В таблице ниже вы найдете список наиболее распространенных и важных глаголов, с которыми используется сложное дополнение, а также примеры их употребления. Обратите внимание, что в составе сложного дополнения некоторые из глаголов могут иметь иные оттенки значения.

    Слово/СловосочетаниеПереводПример
    to adviseсоветоватьadvise you to call your parents and have an open talk with them. — Я советую тебе позвонить родителям и поговорить с ними откровенно.
    to allowразрешать, позволятьShe allowed me to bring some of my friends to her party. — Она разрешила мне привести нескольких друзей на вечеринку.
    to askпроситьThey asked us to fill out some forms. — Они попросили нас заполнить несколько бланков.
    to begумолятьHe begged Mary not to tell their parents about the accident. — Он умолял Марию не рассказывать родителям о случившемся.
    to causeприводить к чему-тоHeavy rains caused our roof to start leaking. — Сильные дожди привели к тому, что наша крыша начала протекать.
    to dareбросать вызов, вызыватьdare you to come and talk to me face to face. — Попробуй прийти и поговорить со мной напрямую.
    to encourageпоощрять, поддерживатьThe teacher encouraged her students to take part in the competition. — Учительница поддержала стремление студентов участвовать в соревнованиях.
    to expectожидатьexpected you to do better in your exams. — Я ожидал, что ты сдашь экзамены более успешно.
    to forbidзапрещатьMy parents forbid me to go to parties. — Родители запрещают мне ходить на вечеринки.
    to forceзаставлять, вынуждатьThe war forced them to leave their houses. — Война вынудила их покинуть свои дома.
    to intendнамереваться, планироватьShe intended her birthday party to be the best event of the year. — Она намеревалась сделать свой день рождения лучшим событием года.
    to inviteприглашатьShe invited us to have dinner in her house. — Она пригласила нас отужинать у нее дома.
    to meanиметь в виду, подразумеватьHe meant his words to sound sincere. — Он хотел, чтобы его слова прозвучали искренне.
    to needнуждатьсяneed you to post this letter to your grandmother. — Мне нужно, чтобы ты отправила бабушке это письмо.
    to orderприказыватьThe king ordered them to look for a fugitive. — Король приказал им найти беглеца.
    to permitразрешатьThe doctors permitted him to spend the night in the hospital. — Врачи разрешили ему провести ночь в больнице.
    to persuadeубеждатьShe persuaded me to go to India on holiday. — Она убедила меня поехать в отпуск в Индию.
    to recommendрекомендоватьrecommend you to read Terms & Conditions carefully. — Я рекомендую тебе внимательно прочитать условия использования.
    to remindнапоминатьShe reminded me to water the flowers once in a while. — Она напомнила мне, чтобы я поливал цветы время от времени.
    to requireтребоватьMy boss required me to hand in the report as quickly as possible. — Мой начальник потребовал, чтобы я сдал отчет как можно скорее.
    to signalподавать знак, сигнализироватьShe signaled me to come to her. — Она подала мне знак, чтобы я подошел к ней.
    to teachучитьMy mother taught me to swim when I was six. — Моя мама научила меня плавать, когда мне было шесть.
    to tellговоритьtold her not to waste time. — Я сказала, чтобы она не тратила время впустую.
    to wantхотетьMy grandmother wants me to visit her when I’m on holiday. — Моя бабушка хочет, чтобы я ее навестил, когда буду в отпуске.
    to warnпредупреждать, предостерегатьPolice warned us not to open our door to strangers. — Полиция предупредила, чтобы мы не открывали дверь незнакомцам.
    to wishжелать;

    надеяться

    wish him to be happy. — Я желаю ему быть счастливым.

    She wished her son to be a great success. — Она надеялась, что ее сын добьется большого успеха.

    would likeхотетьwould like you to come to my birthday party! — Я бы хотела, чтобы ты пришел ко мне на день рождения!

    Глаголы, требующие Infinitive без to

    Пожалуй, самые важные глаголы в этом списке — это to make (в значении «заставлять») и to let (позволять). Также к этой группе относятся глаголы восприятия.

    She made me drink the medicine which tasted awful. — Она заставила меня выпить ужасное на вкус лекарство.
    Our parents let us have a sleepover at Julie’s. — Родители разрешили нам переночевать в гостях у Джули.
    Mary felt him touch her with his cold hand. — Мэри почувствовала, как он дотронулся до нее холодной рукой.

    Обратите внимание на две особенности. Во-первых, сложное дополнение с инфинитивом может быть только в действительном залоге. Если вам требуется передать страдательный залог, используйте причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle) вместо инфинитива:

    saw you talk to that boy in the street. — Я видела, что ты говорил с тем мальчиком на улице.
    That boy was seen to talk to someone in the street. — Я видела, что кто-то разговаривал с тем мальчиком на улице.

    Во-вторых, вместо инфинитива здесь может использоваться герундий (глагол с окончанием -ing), однако значение будет несколько отличаться. Инфинитив подчеркнет завершенность действия, а герундий — его продолжительность:

    I saw her smile. — Я увидел, что она улыбнулась.
    I saw her smiling. — Я увидел, что она улыбалась.

    Слово/СловосочетаниеПереводПример
    to feelчувствоватьfelt a snowflake fall on my face. — Я почувствовал, как снежинка упала мне на лицо.
    to hearслышатьheard him cough during the night. — Я слышал, как он кашлял ночью.
    to listen toслушатьShe listened to him sing. — Она послушала, как он поет.
    to noticeзамечатьHer mother noticed him take a cookie out of the cupboard. — Его мать заметила, что он достал из буфета печенье.
    to observeнаблюдатьWe observed big birds fly past us. — Мы наблюдали, как большие птицы пролетели мимо нас.
    to seeвидетьsaw you talk to that boy on the street. — Я видела, как ты разговаривал с тем парнем на улице.
    to watchнаблюдать, следитьThey watched us read the rules. — Они проследили, что мы прочитали правила.

    !!! В пассивных конструкциях употребляется to + Infinitive

    You are allowed to take photos here. — Вам можно здесь делать фото.

    !!! В пассивных конструкциях с завершенным действием  употребляется   to + Infinitive

    She was seen to run into the house. — Было замечено, что она вбежала в дом.                                                                                                                        

    Глагол to help

    Глагол to help (помогать) допускает использование сложного дополнения как с частицей to, так и без нее — никакой смысловой или стилистической разницы между этими вариантами нет.

    She helped me prepare for my driving exam. — Она помогла мне подготовиться к экзамену по вождению.
    She helped me to prepare for my driving exam. — Она помогла мне подготовиться к экзамену по вождению.

    Глагол to have

    Если в сложном дополнении используется глагол to have (to have + местоимение в косвенным падеже / существительное + инфинитив глагола), такая конструкция будет означать «убедить/заставить/настоять, чтобы кто-то что-то сделал»:

    I will have you do your homework on time! — Ты у меня сделаешь домашнюю работу во время!
    My parents had us check our car properly before travelling to France. — Мои родители настояли, чтобы мы как следует проверили машину, прежде чем отправиться во Францию.

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    Lesson 7. Be prepared

     Scouting facts for kids





    Unit 3.

    SELF-EDUCATION



    Lesson 1. Lifelong learning or learn 24/7 non-stop.
     
    This exersice will help you to classify the wise quotes.


    What is IQ and EQ?
    IQ is an acronym for Intelligence Quotient. So what is IQ? The IQ is a measurement of your intelligence and is expressed in a number.

    A person's IQ can be calculated by having the person take an intelligence test. The average IQ is 100. If you achieve a score higher than 100, you are smarter than the average person, and a lower score means you are (somewhat) less smart.

    EQ - Emotional intelligence

    How successful you are at school or in your profession is not only determined by your IQ test score. Motivation, dedication, self-confidence and social skills also play a role. Academic intelligence should be considered to be a minimum requirement. It helps you get somewhere, for example to become a lawyer. However, to become a successful lawyer, you will also need some specific qualities that are related to emotional intelligence.

    Aspects of emotional intelligence

    The term 'emotional intelligence' refers to the way you manage emotions, whether they are your own or somebody else's. Daniel Goleman, originator of the emotional intelligence concept, distinguishes five specific aspects:

    • Recognizing your own emotions;
    • Managing your own emotions;
    • Self-motivation;
    • Recognizing others' emotions;
    • Managing relationships.

    Lesson 2. Learn by writing.



    Lesson 3. Advice from a parent.

    Look through grammar rules.





     

    Lesson 5. Learn to be tolerant.



    Verbs followed by gerund and infinitive

    Verb + Gerund

    Verb +Preposition +Gerund

    Be 
    +Adjective +Preposition 
    +Gerund

    Verb + Infinitive

    Verb 
    +Inifinitive or Gerund

    acknowledge

    adapt to

    be accustomed to

    agree

    attempt

    admit

    adjust to

    be afraid of

    aim

    begin

    advise

    agree (with) on

    be angry about

    afford

    can/can't bear

    anticipate

     apologize for

    be ashamed of

    appear

    can/can't stand

    appreciate

    approve of

    be capable of

    arrange

    cease

    avoid

    argue about

    be certain about

    ask

    continue

    consider

    ask about

    be concerned with

    care

    forget

    defend

    believe in

    be critical of 

    choose

    go on

    defer

    blame for

    be discouraged from

    claim

    hate

    delay

    care about

    be enthusiastic about

    consent

    like

    deny

    complain about

    be familiar with

    dare

    love

    detest

    consist of

    be famous for

    decide

    neglect

    discuss

    decided on

    be fond of

    decline

    prefer

    dislike

    depend on

    be glad about

    demand

    regret

    endure

    disapprove of

    be good at

    deserve

    propose

    enjoy

    discourage from

    be happy about

    desire

    remember

    escape

    engage in

    be interested in

    expect

    see

    excuse

    forgive for

    be known for 

    fail

    start

    feel like

    give up

    be nervous about

    guarantee

    stop

    finish

    help with

    be perfect for

    happen

    try

    go

    inquire about

    be proud of

    hope

     

    imagine

    insist on

    be responsible for

    intend

     

    involve

    interfere with

    be sad about

    know

     

    keep

    keep on

    be successful in

    learn

     

    mention

    look forward to

    be suitable for

    manage

     

    mind (object to)

    object to

    be tired of

    need

     

    miss

    participate in

    be tolerant of 

    offer

     

    need (passive)

    persist in

    be upset about

    plan

     

    omit

    plan on

    be used to

    pledge

     

    postpone

    prepare for

    be useful for

    prepare

     

    Verb + Gerund

    Verb +Preposition +Gerund

    Be 
    +Adjective +Preposition 
    +Gerund

    Verb + Infinitive

    Verb 
    +Inifinitive or Gerund

    practice

    profit from

    be worried about

    pretend

     

    prevent

    prohibit from

     

    promise

     

    quit

    put off

     

    refuse

     

    recall

    result from

     

    resolve

     

    recollect

    succeed in

     

    seem

     

    recommend

    suffer from

     

    tend

     

    regret

    talk about

     

    struggle

     

    resent

    take part in

     

    swear

     

    resist

    there's no point in

     

    volunteer

     

    resume

    think about

     

    wait

     

    risk

    warn about

     

    want

     

    suggest

    work on

     

    wish

     

    tolerate

    worry about

     

    would like

     

    understand

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     










    Lesson 7. Learn to solve problems and tackle projects.


    1. Неопределенный артикль употребляется в устойчивых выражениях, к числу которых относятся:

      • a lot of/a great number of – много,
      • a few – несколько,
      • a little – немного,
      • all of a sudden – вдруг,
      • at a speed of – со скоростью,
      • at a time – за один раз,
      • as a result of- в результате чего-либо,
      • as a matter of fact – на самом деле, фактически,
      • for a shot/long time – в течение короткого/долгого времени,
      • to be in a harry – спешить,
      • to be at a loss – быть в отчаянии,
      • to go for a walk – идти на прогулку,
      • to have a good time – веселиться/хорошо провести время,
      • to have a cold – быть простуженным,
      • to take a seat – сесть,
      • in a low/loud voice – тихо, громко,
      • to go for a walk – пойти погулять.

    2. Определенный артикль употребляется в устойчивых выражениях, к числу которых относятся:

      • in the morning/in the evening/in the afternoon – утром, вечером, днем,
      • in the night – ночью,
      • in the country – за городом,
      • in the street – на улице,
      • in the sun – на солнце,
      • in the direction of – в направлении (чего-либо),
      • in the east/ in the west/ in the north/ in the south – на востоке, западе, севере, юге,
      • on the one/other hand – с одной, другой стороны,
      • on the right/left – справа, слева,
      • on the whole – в целом,
      • on the way – по дороге,
      • on the advice of – по совету,
      • the day before yesterday – позавчера,
      • the day after tomorrow – послезавтра,
      • the other day – на днях,
      • What is the time? – Который час?
      • to go to the theatre/the cinema – ходить в театр, кино,
      • to play the piano/the guitar – играть на пианино, гитаре,
      • to tell the truth/the time – говорить правду, время,
      • to run the risk – подвергаться риску.

    3. Нулевой артикль (отсутствие артикля) в устойчивых выражениях.

  • at night/at day/at sunrise – ночью, днем, на рассвете,
  • at dinner/at breakfast/at supper – за обедом, завтраком, ужином,
  • at home – дома,
  • at school – в школе,
  • at work – за работой,
  • at first sight – с первого взгляда,
  • at piece/at was – в мире, в состоянии войны,
  • to be in great demand – пользоваться спросом,
  • to be in need – нуждаться,
  • by car/by bike/by train/by air – машиной, на велосипеде, поездом, самолетом и т.д.
  • by heart – на память,
  • by chance – случайно,
  • by mistake – по ошибке,
  • by name – по имени,
  • in any case – во всяком случае,
  • in time – вовремя,
  • in demand – в спросе,
  • in sight – в поле зрения,
  • in fact – в действительности,
  • in conclusion – в заключение,
  • on board a ship – на борту судна,
  • on deck – на палубе,
  • on demand – по требованию,
  • on credit – в кредит,
  • on sale – в продаже,
  • day after day – день за днем,
  • day and night – днем и ночью,
  • to be in bed – лежать в постели,
  • to go to bed – ложиться спать,
  • to go to school – ходить в школу,
  • from time to time – время от времени,
  • from head to foot – с головы до ног.

  • Gerunds after Preposition

    Here is a good rule. It has no exceptions:

    Prepositions are always followed by a noun-phrase.

    If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund (which functions as a noun). It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition.

    So, for example, we say:

    • I will call you after arriving at the office.
      not I will call after to arrive at the office.
    • Please have a drink before leaving.
    • I am looking forward to meeting you.
    • Do you object to working late?
    • Tara always dreams about going on holiday.

    Notice that you could replace all the above gerunds with "real" nouns:

    • I will call you after my arrival at the office.
    • Please have a drink before your departure.
    • I am looking forward to our lunch.
    • Do you object to this job?
    • Tara always dreams about holidays.





    What jobs in Art do you know?




    EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN












    Lesson 3. Visiting exhibitions

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    10 Reasons to visit an Exhibition


     Grammar

    The Plural of Nouns

    Regular Plural Forms

    We form the plural of a noun with the singular + s
    parrot – parrotsapple – applesgirl – girls
    Nouns ending with y if a consonant is written before. ----> ies
    lolly – lolliesstory – storiesstrawberry – strawberries
    but: boy – boystoy - toysbay - bays
    Nouns ending with ch, x, s, sh, o ----> es
    class – classesbrush – brushesbox – boxes
    Some nouns ending with f, fe, lf ----> ves
    knife – kniveswolf – wolveslife – lives
    but: chiefs, safes, cliffs, handkerchiefs

    Irregular Plural Forms

    man - menwoman - womentooth - teeth
    goose - geeseox - oxenlouse - lice
    foot - feetmouse - micechild - children
    person - people
    Some nouns are identical to the singular form
    bison - bisondeer - deersheep - sheep
    fish - fishmoose - mooseoffspring - offspring
    series – seriesspecies - species

    Special Plural Nouns

    You can use singular or plural with nouns like family, class, police, team, army, band, choir, class, club, crew, company, firm, gang, government, orchestra, party, staff, etc.
    In British English the plural is used more often than in American English.
    If the group acts in unison (as a group), use a singular verb:
    My family lives in Miami.All the members living under one roof.
    The team was successful.You see the team as a group.
    If the group acts individually, use a plural verb:
    My family live in towns all over Florida.Each individual is living a separate life in a different town.
    The team were successful.You see the single members of the team.


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    Test yourself

    Lesson 4. Mass media in Belarus

    The 22nd international exhibition Mass Media in Belarus will take ...Mass media in Belarus



    Watch the video "What is Art?"



    Study the Presentation about Marc Chagall

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    What is graffiti? Art or vandalism?





    Grammar. Past Perfect Continuous



    What jobs in Art do you know?



















    Houses and homes


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    Top 10 facts

    1. When people think about their home, everyone is thinking about a different place.
    2. The area around your home is called your ‘neighbourhood’ and the people who live there are your ‘neighbours’.
    3. No matter what point in history you look at, people had homes. Finding parts of those homes today can tell us a lot about past societies.
    4. Wild animals have homes too – this may be a cave, tree, den or nest.
    5. Some homes that people live in today look different from each other because they were built at different times.
    6. You can guess when a house was built just by looking at how it was made, such as whether the roof is thatched or has tiles.
    7. Houses can be built from a number of different materials, but some materials are better to use than others because they keep out wind and rain well.
    8. Houses are described as ‘terraced’, ‘semi-detached’ or ‘detached’ depending on whether they are joined with houses on both sides, on only one side or aren’t joined at all.
    9. Victorian factory owners built lots of rows of small houses so that the people who worked in their factories could live close by. Many of the houses people live in in Britain today are old Victorian terraces.
    10. Flats can be a convenient kind of home for people who don’t need a whole house. Sometimes large old buildings are split into flats or a whole new building will be constructed with lots of flats in it.


    Different types of houses
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    Did you know?

    • Your home is where you feel comfortable and safe – it can be where your bedroom is, where your family is, or where all your toys and games are.
    • Homes can be anything from houses and flats to cottages and caravans. They can be permanent, meaning you can’t pick it up and move it, or temporary, like a tent. They can also be different all over the world. What is your home like?
    • Some homes look different now than they did centuries ago, but they are still used for the same reasons – somewhere to keep warm, dry and safe when they didn’t want to be outdoors.
    • A flat can be a home, but not a house – it’s part of a house or a larger building.
    • A caravan is a home that has wheels, so it can move around.
    • Houses are made up of a few different things. They all have walls that stand up straight and make the house's shape, and a roof that covers the walls and keeps rain from coming in. There might be a chimney if the house has a fireplace, and a garage for keeping the car in.
    • Wild animals have homes too, and those are just as different as the ones humans live in. Some animals build their homes out of mud or sticks, and some live in rock caves. Fish live in water homes, while birds like to live above ground in nests in trees.
    • Some materials are better for building houses than others. For example, bricks and stone are strong, and fireproof. Cloth doesn’t keep water out, and it can break easily. Straight wood planks can stand side-by-side and keep out wind and rain, while sticks are all different sizes shapes and will leave a lot of holes. If you could build a house out of anything, what would you choose?

    Presentation TYPES OF HOUSES
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    Singular and plural nouns

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